{"id":788,"date":"2020-08-11T07:33:56","date_gmt":"2020-08-11T07:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/?p=788"},"modified":"2020-08-11T07:33:56","modified_gmt":"2020-08-11T07:33:56","slug":"passacaglia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/passacaglia\/","title":{"rendered":"Passacaglia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Passacaglia<\/strong>, (Italian, from Spanish\u00a0<em>passacalle<\/em>, or\u00a0<em>pasacalle:<\/em>\u00a0\u201cstreet song\u201d),\u00a0musical form\u00a0of continuous variation in\u00a0<span class=\"md-fraction md-fraction-oblique\"><sup>3<\/sup>\/<sub>4<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0time; and a courtly\u00a0dance. The dance, as it first appeared in 17th-century\u00a0Spain, was of unsavoury reputation and possibly quite fiery. In the French theatre of the 17th and 18th centuries it was a dance of imposing majesty. Little is known of the actual dance movements and steps. Musically the passacaglia is nearly indistinguishable from the contemporary\u00a0<span id=\"ref184586\"><\/span>chaconne;\u00a0contemporary writers called the passacaglia a graver dance, however, and noted that it was identified more frequently with male dancers.<\/p><div class=\"cqdjx6540302cc5a24\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8209967072221559\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"2673331731\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.cqdjx6540302cc5a24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.cqdjx6540302cc5a24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.cqdjx6540302cc5a24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.cqdjx6540302cc5a24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.cqdjx6540302cc5a24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p>Both the passacaglia and the chaconne gave rise to\u00a0musical\u00a0forms. Baroque composers used the two names indiscriminately, writing rondeaux (pieces with recurring refrains) as well as variation forms under both titles (<em>see<\/em>\u00a0chaconne). Musicians have had difficulty defining the two forms. One opinion is that the chaconne is a series of variations over a short repeated theme (<span id=\"ref184587\"><\/span>ostinato) in the bass\u2014a\u00a0basso ostinato, or ground bass\u2014whereas in the passacaglia the ostinato may appear in any voice. Another view is that the passacaglia uses an ostinato normally in the bass but possibly in any voice; but the chaconne consists of variations over a harmonic ground, like a jazz riff, a series of chords that underlies the variations. Such a series may imply a constant bass line (of the chords), but merely as a component of the harmony.<\/p>\n<p>Examples of passacaglias include Bach\u2019s famous\u00a0<em>Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor,<\/em>\u00a0for\u00a0organ\u00a0(BWV 582);\u00a0Aaron Copland\u2019s\u00a0<em>Passacaglia for Piano<\/em>\u00a0(1921\u201322); the fourth movement of\u00a0Dmitry Shostakovich\u2019s\u00a0<em>Symphony No. 8<\/em>, Opus 65 (1943); and the\u00a0music\u00a0of Act I, scene 4, of\u00a0Alban Berg\u2019s\u00a0opera\u00a0<em>Wozzeck<\/em>\u00a0(1922). The dance\u2019s original name survives in the\u00a0<em><span id=\"ref184588\"><\/span>pasacalle,<\/em>\u00a0a lively\u00a0folk dance\u00a0for couples popular in western\u00a0South America.<\/p><div class=\"howcv6540302cc5a65\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\"\n     data-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\n     data-ad-format=\"fluid\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-8209967072221559\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"2673331731\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.howcv6540302cc5a65 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.howcv6540302cc5a65 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.howcv6540302cc5a65 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.howcv6540302cc5a65 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.howcv6540302cc5a65 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p>Source:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/art\/passacaglia-musical-form-and-dance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u00a0britannica.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Passacaglia, (Italian, from Spanish\u00a0passacalle, or\u00a0pasacalle:\u00a0\u201cstreet song\u201d),\u00a0musical form\u00a0of continuous variation in\u00a03\/4\u00a0time; and a courtly\u00a0dance. The dance, as it first appeared in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3381],"tags":[3396,3414,3405,3421,3409,3412,3429,3390,3402,3423,3383,3417,3386,3395,3401,3420,3418,3422,3424,3384,3392,3406,3408,3427,3419,3389,3398,3382,3399,3393,3388,3411,3413,3426,3430,3431,3410,3428,3425,3416,3385,3407,3391,3387,3394,3400,3404,3397,3415,3403],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":790,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788\/revisions\/790"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stremon.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}